Top ten performance of titanium

Titaniumrnis a metal chemical element, chemical symbol Ti, atomic number 22, located inrnthe fourth period, IVB group in the periodic table of chemical elements. It isrna silver-white transition metal characterized by light weight, high strength,rnmetallic luster, and resistance to wet chlorine corrosion. But titanium cannotrnbe used in dry chlorine. Even dry chlorine at a temperature below 0°C willrnundergo a violent chemical reaction to form titanium tetrachloride, which willrnthen decompose to form titanium dichloride, or even burn. Only when the waterrncontent in the chlorine gas is higher than 0.5%, the titanium can maintainrnreliable stability in it.

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Titaniumrn[1] is considered a rare metal because it is scattered in nature and difficultrnto extract. But it is relatively rich, ranking tenth among all elements.rnTitanium ore mainly includes ilmenite and rutile, which are widely distributedrnin the crust and lithosphere. Titanium is also present in almost all livingrnthings, rocks, water bodies and soil. The Kroll method or Hunter method isrnrequired to extract titanium from the main ore. The most common compound ofrntitanium is titanium dioxide, which can be used to make white pigments. Otherrncompounds also include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) (used as a catalyst andrnused to make smoke screens as air cover) and titanium trichloride (TiCl3) (usedrnto catalyze the production of polypropylene)

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Contentrndistribution

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Thernten-kilometer-thick stratum on the earth’s surface contains six thousandths ofrntitanium, 61 times more than copper, and ranks tenth in the crust (rankingrnelements in the crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium,rnPotassium, magnesium, hydrogen, titanium), just grab a handful of soil from thernground, which contains a few thousandths of titanium. Titanium ore withrnreserves of more than 10 million tons in the world is not rare.

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Therernare hundreds of millions of tons of sand and gravel on the earth. Titanium andrnzirconium, two minerals heavier than sand and gravel, are mixed in the sand andrngravel. Crushing with the zircon placer, on the long coast, a piece of titaniumrnore layer and zirconium ore layer are formed. This mineral layer is a blackrnsand, usually a few centimeters to tens of centimeters thick. Titanium is notrnferromagnetic, and nuclear submarines built with titanium do not have to worryrnabout attacks by magnetic mines.

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Physicalrnproperties

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Titaniumrnhas metallic luster and ductility. The density is 4.5g/cm3. The melting pointrnis 1668°C. The boiling point is 3287°C. Common valences +2, +3 and +4. Thernionization energy is 6.82 eV. The main characteristics of titanium are lowrndensity, high mechanical strength, and easy processing. The plasticity ofrntitanium mainly depends on purity. The purer the titanium, the greater thernplasticity. It has good corrosion resistance and is not affected by thernatmosphere and sea water. At room temperature, it will not be corroded byrnhydrochloric acid below 7%, sulfuric acid below 5%, nitric acid, aqua regia orrndilute alkali solution; only hydrofluoric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid,rnconcentrated sulfuric acid, etc. can act on it.

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Titaniumrnis an important alloying element in steel and alloys. The density of titaniumrnis 4.506-4.516 g/cc (20°C), which is higher than aluminum but lower than iron,rncopper, and nickel. But the specific strength is at the top of the metal. [6]rnThe melting point is 1668°C, the latent heat of fusion is 3.7-5.0 kcal/gramrnatom, the boiling point is 3260±20°C, the latent heat of vaporization is 102.5-112.5rnkcal/gram atom, the critical temperature is 4350°C, and the critical pressurernis 1130 atmospheres. Titanium has poor thermal and electrical conductivity,rnwhich is similar to or slightly lower than that of stainless steel. Titaniumrnhas superconductivity. The superconducting critical temperature of purerntitanium is 0.38-0.4K. At 25°C, the heat capacity of titanium is 0.126 cal/gramrnatom·degree, the enthalpy is 1149 cal/gram atom, and the entropy is 7.33rncal/gram atom·degree. Titanium is a paramagnetic substance with a magneticrnpermeability of 1.00004.

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Titaniumrnhas plasticity. The elongation of high-purity titanium can reach 50-60%, andrnthe reduction of area can reach 70-80%, but the shrinkage strength is low (thatrnis, the strength generated during shrinkage). The presence of impurities inrntitanium has a great impact on its mechanical properties, especiallyrninterstitial impurities (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon) can greatly increase thernstrength of titanium and significantly reduce its plasticity. The good mechanicalrnproperties of titanium as a structural material are achieved through strictrncontrol of the appropriate impurity content and the addition of alloyingrnelements.

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Toprnten performance

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Lowrndensity, high specific strength

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Therndensity of titanium metal is 4.51g/cm3, which is higher than aluminum and lowerrnthan steel, copper, and nickel, but its specific strength is at the top of thernmetal.

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Corrosionrnresistance

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Titaniumrnis a very active metal, its equilibrium potential is very low, and thernthermodynamic corrosion tendency in the medium is high. But in fact, titaniumrnis very stable in many media. For example, titanium is corrosion-resistant inrnoxidizing, neutral and weakly reducing media. This is because titanium andrnoxygen have a great affinity. In the air or in an oxygen-containing medium, arndense, strong adhesion and inert oxide film is formed on the surface ofrntitanium, which protects the titanium matrix from corrosion. Even due tornmechanical wear, it will quickly heal itself or regenerate. This indicates thatrntitanium is a metal with a strong tendency to passivation. The titanium oxidernfilm always maintains this characteristic when the medium temperature is belowrn315℃.

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Inrnorder to improve the corrosion resistance of titanium, surface treatmentrntechnologies such as oxidation, electroplating, plasma spraying, ion nitriding,rnion implantation and laser treatment have been developed to enhance thernprotection of the titanium oxide film and obtain the desired corrosionrnresistance. Effect. In response to the need for metal materials in thernproduction of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, methylamine solution,rnhigh-temperature wet chlorine, and high-temperature chloride, a series ofrncorrosion-resistant titanium alloys such as titanium-molybdenum,rntitanium-palladium, and titanium-molybdenum-nickel have been developed.rnTitanium castings are made of titanium-32 molybdenum alloy, titanium-0.3rnmolybdenum-0.8 nickel alloy is used in environments where crevice corrosion orrnpitting corrosion is common, or titanium-0.2 palladium alloy is used locally inrntitanium equipment, and they are all well used. Effect.

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Goodrnheat resistance

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Thernnew titanium alloy can be used for arnlong time at a temperature of 600°C or higher.

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Goodrnlow temperature resistance

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Lowrntemperature titanium alloy represented by titanium alloy TA7 (Ti-5Al-2.5Sn),rnTC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) and Ti-2.5Zr-1.5Mo, etc., whose strength increases with therndecrease of temperature, but does not change plasticity. Big. It maintains goodrnductility and toughness at low temperatures of -196-253°C, avoids coldrnbrittleness of metals, and is an ideal material for cryogenic containers,rnstorage boxes and other equipment.

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Strongrnresistance to damping

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Afterrnmetal titanium is subjected to mechanical vibration and electrical vibration,rnits vibration decay time is the longest compared with steel and copper metal.rnThis performance of titanium can be used as a tuning fork, medical ultrasonicrnpulverizer vibrating element and high-end acoustic speaker vibrating film, etc.

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Non-magnetic,rnnon-toxic

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Titaniumrnis a non-magnetic metal and will not be magnetized in a large magnetic field.rnIt is non-toxic and has good compatibility with human tissues and blood, so itrnis adopted by the medical profession.

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Therntensile strength is close to its yield strength

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Thisrnproperty of titanium shows that its yield ratio (tensile strength/yieldrnstrength) is high, which means that the plastic deformation of metal titaniumrnmaterial is poor during forming. Due to the large ratio of the yield limit ofrntitanium to the modulus of elasticity, the resilience of titanium duringrnmolding is large.

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Goodrnheat transfer performance

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Althoughrnthe thermal conductivity of metallic titanium is lower than that of carbonrnsteel and copper, due to the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium, thernwall thickness can be greatly reduced, and the heat exchange method between thernsurface and the steam is dropwise condensation, which reduces the heat group. Withoutrnscaling, the thermal resistance can be reduced, and the heat transferrnperformance of titanium can be significantly improved.

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Lowrnmodulus of elasticity

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Thernelastic modulus of titanium is 106.4GPa at room temperature, which is 57% ofrnsteel.

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Inspiratoryrnperformance

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Titaniumrnis a chemically very active metal, which can react with many elements andrncompounds at high temperatures. Titanium getter mainly refers to the reactionrnwith carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen at high temperatures.

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About us

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Asrna global Contract Research Organization (CRO), headquartered in New York, USA,rnAlfa Chemistry has served the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries forrnyears. Today, Alfa Chemistry is specialized in organic chemistry, materialrnchemistry, and medicinal chemistry. Here are some our products, such as: Tin Catalysts, Tantalum Catalysts, Thallium Catalysts, Tris 2-aminoethyl amine, etc.

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